4/ Flash accounting relies on the upcoming EIP-1153 EIP-1153 lets v4 update & clear data within the same transaction: ✅ Track transfers during a transaction ✅ Update the final balance ✅ Deleting the rest Users only pay gas for net transfers and not everything in between

5/ Read more about Singleton, Flash Accounting, EIP-1153, and all things v4 here👇🏽

3/ On EVM chains, it costs gas to update smart contract data, like swaps in and out of a pool Instead of spending gas transferring tokens assets in and out of each pool at the end of a multi-hop swap, v4 uses “flash accounting,” which only transfers net balances

2/ It costs gas to “enter” each smart contract In v2 & v3, each pool is its own smart contract But in v4, all pools are held in a single smart contract (Singleton) With fewer contracts to enter/exit, it’s much cheaper to swap on v4, & launching a new pool costs 99% less 😮